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User Interface Design Blog
 
User Interface Design Back
 
                   
  The Art And Science Of Creating Elegant User Interface     The Players     Our User Interface Design Process     Usability And Usability Testing  
                       
  “Know the User –  The essential step to creating an elegant User Experience.”     “A Complete Team . . .
An Experienced Team . . .
The Right Team!”
    “Our comprehensive design process delivers simple, efficient and elegant solutions”     “Complete user satisfaction is the driver and the goal – Usability is a key metric”  
                       
  Learn More >     Learn More >     Learn More >     Learn More >  
 

   
 
   
 
                       
                       
  Prototyping     Tools, Technologies & Solutions              
                       
  “Rapid prototyping ensures expedited delivery of crisp, powerful and effective solutions.”     “Our solutions span a wide array of technologies and applications”              
                       
  Learn More >     Learn More >              
                     
                 
         

   
The art and science of creating elegant user interfaces
Virtually every software application and device shares one critical aspect in common:  The need to interact with people!   Whether the application is the latest and greatest game, a website with spectacular visual displays, an enterprise application that manages a business-critical back-office function or a cutting edge mobile device, there will be human users.

A well designed and effective user interface lies at the heart of creating a compelling User Experience.  It is your business’ welcome mat, front door and easy chair – all rolled into one – that invites your customer to “come in and sit a while”.   Achieving the goal requires a harmonious blend of human understanding and the technical prowess to enable a powerful solution to be crafted.

Our approach to the task views technical expertise as a prerequisite to creating a solution - not a solution in itself.  Equally critical is mastering the human component then integrating it seamlessly with the enabling technology.  The challenge of crafting a user interface that will capture and hold the users involvement requires a mastering of both the art of understanding human behavior and the science of technical expertise.  Our UI “artists” are equally adept in negotiating the subjective (human) aspects and the objective (technical) challenges that arise along the way.  Bottom line, our User Excellence Team rises to the challenge of achieving a superlative User Experience through a comprehensive approach that views design and implementation as complementary parts of the whole.

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The Players
User Experience Researcher & Analyst
   
Creating a truly effective and powerful user interface requires more than just the selection and application of an appropriate technology.  It requires careful analysis of the all-important human component.  It is absolutely vital that the Voice of the User, in all its aspects, be listened to carefully.  They will tell you what works and what doesn’t.  At the end of the day, it is their opinion that matters most. Yet, this vital element is too often ignored, or worse, viewed as a non-revenue generating expenditure that can be postponed indefinitely or dealt with in an informal ad-hoc manner.  That is often a costly mistake.

The process begins with focused research and careful observation of those who will actually use the application.  Using a variety of tools including observation, interviews, questionnaires, focus groups and related activities, our analysts approach the challenge as an independent researcher trained to maintain objectivity throughout the information gathering and study process.  Free of the biases and agendas held by the many stakeholders involved, our analysts are able to draw conclusions and prepare concrete measurable, actionable and statistically reliable recommendations.   With these insights in hand, a roadmap for solutions can be created that will engage users, hold their interest, increase productivity and satisfaction and help create brand loyalty.  This, in a nutshell, is the critical role played by our analysts. 

 
So, who are our analysts? 
 

Understanding human behavior is a complex undertaking and there is a rich body of research that can be brought to bear.  Principles of cognitive psychology including mental models, mapping and interface metaphors are all brought to bear during the interaction design phase.  Additionally, the analyst must also have a solid grasp of the technologies that are available to deliver an elegant and effective user interface experience. 

Our User Excellence team bridges these cross-disciplines through a combination of formal academic training (i.e., PhD level studies in cognitive and perceptual psychology, ethnography etc.) and years of hands-on “in the field” experience applying the techniques of interaction/interactive design.  The result is a solid portfolio of compelling solutions for users and companies across a wide range market sectors. Our analysts are truly a rare and special breed!

     
  User Interface Designers
   

Our user interface designers work closely with the analyst to create designs that incorporate the analyst’s findings and recommendations.  Their goal is to make the user’s interaction with the application engaging yet simple to use – while simultaneously preserving the efficiency and required functionality.  Another important consideration is achieving a design that is stable and usable and can accommodate the needs of the broadest possible user profile.  Whenever possible, an additional design consideration might include creation of a readily identifiable style or theme that can help create a unique brand identity (e.g.., the Apple iPhone interface) without undo burden on the use of the application as a whole. 

Although each project is unique and presents its own specific set of requirements, our user interface design team uses an iterative multiphase process to meet the challenges:

 

Requirements gathering
 
The first step in meeting the objectives of the project is to clearly define both the technical and functional aspects of the project and to thoroughly understand the potential needs of the users.
   
User Analysis
 
In order to design an appropriate solution, it is vital that the team obtain an accurate profile of the user.  Clarifying the multitude of human behavioral aspects requires the specialized skills of our User Experience Research Analyst.  The analyst’s insights, in turn, serves as a roadmap for the overall interface design. 
   
Information Architecture
 
Development of an appropriate information structure is needed to insure that information is managed effectively and that the users receive complete and unambiguous results. 
Presenting information within the system in context to the user’s needs is also a key design factor that must be provided.
   
Prototyping
 
Before a design is approved and adopted, a preliminary version(s) of the interface is developed to determine whether it meets the project requirements.  As the objective is to concentrate on the effectiveness of the interface itself, much of the look and feel elements and the related content are removed to reveal the essential aspects of the interface itself.
   
Usability Testing
 
There is no acceptable substitute for testing the proposed design with actual users!  An interface that is difficult to navigate, frustrating to use, yields incomplete or unpredictable information, is unappealing in its presentation or generally falls short of the users overall expectations is unacceptable.  Testing – preferably with live users – is the best assurance that the design is successful.
   
Graphic Interface Design
 
Graphic interface design focuses on the overall look and feel of the design and seeks to reach a balance between the communication objectives and the visual form versus required functionality.  Portions of the interface may be further refined to present specific looks or behaviors depending on need.
     
  Information Architect
   

In the software profession at large, the term “Information Architect” covers a lot of ground depending on the context of the discussion.  In the domain of user interface design, the term generally refers to persons who are experts in preparing, organizing and structuring information across shared environments.  Using a wide array of information management and design techniques, our Information Architect’s (IA’s) are responsible for ensuring that meaningful and complete information will be presented to the user with clarity and simplicity.  

The function of our IA’s is closely related to, and combines the roles of, the traditional disciplines of library science, categorization development, thesauri, indexing and metadata management.  The IA is also responsible for ensuring that the contextual elements that reside within the data structures and broad information sets involved are identified and presented to the user in an accessible manner.  

In some environments, such as many web applications, the scope and complexity of the data sets can be enormous.  In these cases, the IA is not primarily responsible for deciding how the information will be coded but rather how the information will be used.  To achieve this goal, our IA’s must consider not only the technical aspects of design but also on understanding how to best structure the information so that the application’s business goals are met. 

All our IA’s are graduates of major universities with most holding post graduate degrees as well.  In addition, through years of practical hands-on UI application design, each has acquired the rare blend of technical savvy and an understanding of how people interpret and act on both visual and non-visual information so users can access it as simply and effectively as possible.

     
  Technical Developers
   

Our UI development team consists of a select and seasoned group of professionals.  Each member brings in depth experience in creating compelling user interfaces that combine simplicity of use with superb functionality.  Our UI project managers typically offer 10+ years in both technical design and as practicing commercial artists, team leads similarly posses experience both in technical design and as commercial artists with 7 or more years of industry experience and team members range from 2 to 3 years (minimally) to 6 or more years.  Our usability team typically brings 2 to 5 years of experience in the usability domain.

Virtually all members of the UI development team are university graduates with certificates or diplomas in web development.  Our RIA experts are also university graduates with expertise in Adobe Flash / Adobe Flex / Adobe Air and Microsoft Silverlight. 

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Our user interface design process
The essential goal of our UI Excellence Team is to make the user's interaction with the application or device as simple, efficient and elegant as possible.  The focus is on creating a design that enhances the user’s interaction and contributes to an overall satisfying experience.  An optimum design will be intuitive to use and operate “in the background” with little or no intrusion into the users ability to accomplish their goals.

In addition to achieving a solution that acknowledges the importance of meeting the user’s needs, the design process must also accommodate the challenges presented by the technical and functionality specs. Excellence in the technical design domain reveals itself not only through superior operational performance but also through seamless usability and adaptability to changing user needs.

Depending on the nature of the application, a number of steps or phases are followed:

Information and functionality requirements gathering
  The first task is to meet with our client’s team to discuss, in depth, the goals and challenges that must be met.  During the meeting(s), the system functionality requirements are defined and the potential needs of the users will be clarified.  An overall design concept is then developed to help advance the larger business goals to be achieved.
   
User Analysis
 
The fundamental principal that guides our design efforts is that good interface design requires a good understanding of the user’s needs.  This vital function is the responsibility of our User Experience Researcher & Analyst.  A careful and thorough study of the system users (potential, actual or both) is completed.  The analyst’s findings serve as a guiding roadmap in the subsequent design process.
   
Information Architecture
 
Our information architects are experts in preparing, organizing and structuring information across shared environments.  Their principal task is to ensure that meaningful and complete information will be presented to the user with clarity and simplicity.   The IA is also responsible for ensuring that the contextual elements that reside within the data structures and broad information sets involved are identified and presented to the user in an accessible manner. 
   
Prototyping
 
Our prototyping model uses a fluid and iterative approach to develop increasingly effective design models that will converge to crisp, elegant and effective solutions. 
   
Usability And Usability Testing
 
Does the design work with “real” users?  Is it effective, appealing and does it meet user expectations?  Frequent usability testing will reveal where the design works and where it falls short.
   
Graphic Interface design.
  The actual “look and feel” of the final user interface is a critical piece of the overall process.  The graphic interface design is a “global” step in that good graphic design incorporates aspects of the findings and recommendations, including usability, from previous phases.  Among the challenges that fall within this phase is the balancing of visual form with functionality.  As such, it typically involves a collaborative effort between one of our graphic designers and an interface design engineer.
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Usability and usability testing
In today’s market, a technically superior product is no longer a guarantee of success in the market place.  Rather, long term success in the market place demands that the application perform flawlessly from the user’s point of view.  Meeting this need is fast becoming a key product differentiator for companies who are positioning their products as superior user-oriented products rather than the traditional technology focused applications.  Usability is the measure of how well this goal is achieved. 

In the context of user interface design, usability usually refers to the elegance and clarity with which an application or device interacts with users.  Usability is associated with the characteristics of the user interface.  It is a measure of the degree to which the design of a particular interface is able to satisfy the human need for an effective, efficient and satisfying interaction with the application or device. 

Although usability is essential to good user interface design, it is also one of the elements of system functionality and must be included in good user design.  Ultimately, our Interface Designers view each goal as an inseparable part of the whole.

A variety of metrics are available to characterize usability.  Among the measures our team uses to assess and ensure usability are:

 
How much effort must the user expend to input information into the system?
Is the output clear and unambiguous or is it open to interpretation? 
Is the interface easy to use and intuitive?
How many errors do users make, how severe are the errors and how easily can they recover from the errors?
Is it easy to learn or does it require an inordinate amount of work to master?
Is it flexible and able to adapt to various levels of user experience and backgrounds?
Does it foster a sense of satisfaction to the user?
Once users have learned the design, how quickly can they perform tasks?
When users return to the design after a period of time, how easily can they re-establish proficiency?
Is it visually pleasing?
 
Usability Process
Our team follows a user-centric process to meet the challenges:
   
Our focus begins with acquiring a clear understanding of the user’s profile in context to the nature of the tasks to be performed;
 
The extensive use of “hands on testing” with potential and actual users, or personas, throughout the design process;
 
Application of Iterative Design.   Each design cycle is mined for those aspects which prove successful as well as those which have fallen short.  Through successive cycles, changes and refinements are continued until the process converges to the best possible solution;
   
Usability testing
Early and frequent usability testing is absolutely essential to ensure that the final interface design will be successful “in the real world”.  Our team uses successive iterations to identify and refine each previous design cycle.  Aspects that were successful are kept, while those that fall short are improved or eliminated.

Heavy reliance is placed on results obtained through interaction (observation, interviews, questionnaires, focus groups etc.) with actual or potential users as well as personas (an individual representative of a real group of users).  Whenever practicable, user behavior and interaction with the application is observed while in their natural setting.  The insights gained from these live users will be a primary driver of subsequent improvements and designs.
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Prototyping
The nature of designing an effective user interface with the power to engage and retain the user while optimizing ease of use and effectiveness requires a fluid and dynamic approach.  To achieve this end, our development team relies heavily on the rapid prototyping model.   As is the case with the design phase, our prototyping model relies on an iterative process to provide the leverage needed to achieve optimum flexibility and expedited delivery of crisp, elegant and effective solutions. 

Our prototyping team begins by building preliminary data models and business process models to capture the business requirements.   Once this is done, prototyping is begun with the goal of verifying and/or modifying the preliminary models used to define the requirements and to refine the data and processes to be used.  Additional iterations are used to refine the improvements of previous models and prototypes and continues until the process converges to an optimal design that meets project requirements and can be used to construct the final deliverable.

An iterative process is used by our team and includes the following phases:

Requirements and User Data gathering;
Interactive Design / Wireframes / Flow Diagrams;
Visual Design;
Development;
Testing
   
A variety of prototyping tools are used for diagram and design layout to create the structure of the application, interactive navigation, task flows and the overall hierarchy and placement of information.  Prototyping tools include Microsoft Visio, Axure RP Pro and HTML
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Tools, Technologies & Solutions

For each project our User Excellence Team undertakes, the goal is the same:  Creation of superlative user interfaces that meet the needs, wants and delights of users and the business objectives of our client. 

Our solutions span a wide array of technologies and applications:

 
Tools & Technologies
     
  HTML / XHTML
  Flex
  MS.NET
  Java
  CSS
  AJAX
  JavaScript
  Flash
  Sharepoint
  Basic XML
  WPF
  JQuery
  Windows Presentation Foundation
  Silverlight
  AIR
     
Applications/ Solutions
     
  Mobile / Handheld applications
  Single and Multi-player games
  Animations
  Cross browser compatibility
  Rich media applications
  Control panels
  Dashboard applications
  Widgets & custom components
  Point of sale applications
  Animated and interactive banners
  Interactive demos and presentations
  Multi-window transparency
  Cross-operating system compatibility
  Embedded application interfaces
  Security applications
  Payment management & administration
  Shopping cart design & management
  Database applications
     
Interfaces
     
  Touch user interfaces
  Graphical user interfaces
  Web user interfaces
  Text user interfaces
  Voice user interfaces
  Object-oriented user interfaces
     
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